What is Periodontology?

Periodontology deals with the treatment and prevention of gum diseases, which can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. These diseases develop when bacteria present in the mouth create infections that affect the gums and the structures that hold the teeth connected to the jaw bone. Periodontists are dentists who specialise in the treatment of these diseases and in maintaining oral health in this field.

The Structure of the Periodontium

The periodontium includes several important elements for the support and functioning of the teeth, such as:

  1. The gums (gingiva): The outer part of the periodontium that covers and protects the teeth and surrounding bones. The gums are sensitive and can become inflamed during the development of periodontal diseases.
  2. The periodontal ligament: A structure that connects the tooth to the jaw bone and allows it to move with a small degree of flexibility during chewing activity.
  3. The alveolar bone: The bone that supports and holds the teeth in their position. This is one of the most important elements that helps keep the teeth in the mouth.

Types of Periodontal Diseases

  • Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease and is usually caused by the accumulation of dental plaque on the gums. This causes inflammation, redness and bleeding of the gums, typically during teeth brushing.
  • Signs: Red and swollen gums, bleeding during teeth brushing, bad breath.
  • Gingivitis is reversible and can be treated with careful teeth cleaning and improvement of oral hygiene.
  • Periodontitis is a more severe form of periodontal disease that develops when gingivitis is left untreated and progresses deeper into the structures that support the teeth. This causes loss of bone and periodontal ligaments, and if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss.
  • Signs: Development of pockets between the teeth and gums, persistent bad breath, receding gums, and pain or sensitivity in the teeth may appear.
  • Periodontitis often requires more advanced treatments, including deep cleaning (including curettage and root planing), and in some cases surgery may be necessary.

This is a rare and more aggressive form of periodontitis that often occurs in young or otherwise healthy individuals. It can cause rapid loss of bone and teeth.

This is a more common and slower-progressing form of periodontitis. Treatment can help control the progression of the disease, but it can have long-term effects on the structure of the teeth and gums.

An abscess is a collection of pus that occurs due to an infection in a periodontal pocket and often requires urgent treatment to prevent the spread of the infection.